DISCUSSION
The approach I have outlined in this paper “covers” routine and non-routine problem solving, routine and non-routine teaching, cooking, and brain surgery – and every other example of “well practiced,” knowledge-based behavior that I can think of. All told, I believe it works pretty well as a theory of “how we think.”
Readers have the right to ask, why would someone spend 25 years trying to build and test a theory like this? Here is my response.
First, theory building and testing should be a central part doing research in mathematics education. That is how we make progress.
Second, the more we understand something the better we can make it work. When we understand how something skillful is done we can help others do it. This was the idea behind my problem solving work, where an understanding of problem solving helped me to help students become better problem solvers. I believe that a comparably deep understanding of teachers’ decision making can help us to help mathematics teachers become more effective.
Third, this approach has the potential to provide tools for describing developmental trajectories of teachers. Beginning teachers, for example, often struggle with issues of classroom “management” – of creating an orderly classroom environment in which their students can learn productively. While teachers are struggling at this, they have little time or attention to devote to some of the more subtle aspects of expert teaching, such as teaching responsively – listening carefully to what their students say, diagnosing what the students understand and misunderstand, and shaping the lesson so that it helps move the students forward mathematically. The more we understand what teachers understand at particular points in their careers, the more we will be able to provide relevant professional development activities for them. An understanding of teachers’ developmental trajectories can help us help teachers get better at helping their students learn. (See Chapter 8 of Schoenfeld, 2010, for detail.)
Fourth and finally, it's fun! The challenge of understanding human behavior has proved itself to be every bit as interesting and intellectually rewarding as the challenge of understanding mathematics. It has occupied me for the past 35 years, and I look forward to many more years of explorations. Exploring questions of how teachers’ understandings develop, and of how and when one can foster the development of mathematics teachers’ expertise, are intellectually challenging. Equally important, addressing them can, over the long run, lead to improvements in mathematics teaching and learning.
讨论
我的方法已经提出“盖”的常规和非常规的解决问题,常规和非常规教学,烹饪,和脑外科手术–和其他典范”的实践,“以知识为基础的行为,我想。总之,我认为它相当不错的作品作为一个理论的“我们是怎么想的。”
读者有权问,为什么会有人花了25年时间试图建立和测试一个理论吗?这是我的反应。
首先,理论建设和测试应该是一个核心部分做数学教育研究。这是我们如何进步。
其次,我们越明白越好我们可以使它工作。当我们理解了事情的技巧是我们能帮助别人做。这是背后的想法我解决问题的工作,在了解解决问题的帮助我帮助学生成为更好的问题解决者。我认为,一个比较深的理解教师的决策可以帮助我们帮助数学教师更有效的。
第三,这种做法有可能提供的工具来描述发展轨迹的教师。初任教师,例如,往往斗争问题的课堂
“管理”–创造一个有序的课堂环境中,学生可以学习成效。而教师是挣扎在这,他们很少有时间或精力投入到一些更微妙的方面的专家教学,如教学作出反应,–认真聆听他们的学生说,诊断学生理解和误解,并形成,它有助于移动学生提出数学。我们越明白教师了解在特定的点在他们的事业,我们就越能够提供相关的专业发展活动的人。了解教师的发展轨迹可以帮助我们帮助教师更好地帮助学生学习。(见8章的培养,2010,细节。)
第四最后,它的乐趣!挑战的理解人类行为本身已证明是一样有趣的和智力的有意义的挑战的理解数学。它占据了我过去35年,我期盼多年的探索。探讨的问题是如何理解和教师发展,如何和何时可以促进发展数学教师的专业知识,都是智力挑战。同样重要的是,他们可以解决,在长期,导致改进数学教学与学习。
分享到翻译结果重试
抱歉,系统响应超时,请稍后再试我们一同成长,与您共同进步! 求精准的英文翻译!
这句翻译其实要看语境:1、(愿)我们一同成长,与您共同进步!May we grow and make progress together!2、我们(一直)一同成长,与您共同进步!We are(I am)always by your side, and make progress together with you!
共同进步,一起成长。怎么翻译成英文?
make progress and grow up together
翻译“共同发展,共同进步”,英文的
Making Corporate Development, Making Corporate Progress.
请帮我翻译;希望和大家互相帮助,共同进步
I wish that everybody can help each other ,making progress together.
共同进步联盟英文翻译
Common progress alliance 用百度词典翻译的http:\/\/dict.baidu.com\/ 以后可以用这个进行中英翻译
相互影响,相互学习,共同进步的翻译是:什么意思
相互影响,相互学习,共同进步 翻译是:Mutual influence, mutual learning and common progress
英语翻译:目标清晰、 坚定不移、彼此信任、共同进步 ?
目标清晰、 坚定不移、彼此信任、共同进步 Goal clear, steadfast, each other trust, progresses together
英文翻译:我们互相帮助并共同进步着
将“我们互相帮助并共同进步着。”翻译成英文是“We help each other and make progress together.”这一句英语中,我觉得有4个比较重要的英语词汇,有必要单独作详解:help 英 [help] 美 [help]v. 帮助,援助;改善状况,对……有益;给(自己或某人)食物或饮料;擅自拿走,窃取;搀扶,带领 n...
朋友们能够互相促进共同进步,帮我翻译成英文一下
Friends can help each other to promote common progress 朋友们能够互相促进共同进步
...希望在以后的学习中我们互相帮助,共同进步。英语翻译
Hello everyone i come .from..liangping chongqing nice to meet you i hope .we can study each other in the future gain great progress