1.3 Aquaculture Industrialization in Developing Countries 13水产产业化在发展中国家Industrialization and commercialization will likely shape aquaculture development in developing regions throughout the world with growth trends mirroring 21 those observed in the United States during the 20th century. In particular, most food industries in the United States, including aquaculture, have shifted away from traditional 工业化、商品化水产养殖的发展将很可能在发展中地区形状全世界提供增长趋势镜像21所观察到的现象在美国二十世纪期间。特别指出的是,目前在美国食品行业,包括养殖、迁走了从传统practices by which individual farmers both produce and distribute food in small scale to 这两个习惯,个体农民的生产和发行规模小,食物local or regional markets. Many food system industries are now industrialized operations 当地或区域的市场。许多食物系统行业现在是工业化的操作in which three principal components: manufacturing, processing, and distribution are able 在这三个主分量:生产、加工、配送能力出众to operate independently and in large-scale. The aquaculture industry is still in early 自主经营和规模宏大。水产养殖产业尚处于早期stages of industrialization compared to other agriculture sectors, yet the trend towards 比起其他的工业化阶段,然而农业领域的发展趋势commercialization and de-coupling of its principal components are already well de-coupling和商业化的主成分已经够好了underway. 开始工作。Predicting the specific mechanisms by which the aquaculture industry will grow, 预测的具体机制水产业将会加剧,based on the analysis of past market changes, is difficult as data on the aggregation and 分析的基础上,过去的市场变化,已经够艰难的数据聚集和market concentrations of agriculture and aquaculture system components for the United 农业市场和水产养殖的浓度为曼联系统组件States have only been collected since the early 1980's with the exception of fruit and 州只有被收藏之初以来1980年的除了水果和vegetables (Dimitri, 1999). However, traditional agriculture markets are clearly being 蔬菜(迪米特里,1999)。然而,传统农业市场都有明确的存在replaced by vertical integration, strategic alliances, and contracts (Rogers, 2000; 2001). 取而代之的垂直整合,战略联盟,合同(·罗杰斯,2000;2001年)。As a result, operations for each of the three stages of food systems are becoming larger 作为一个结果,操作的每个三个阶段的食物系统已经变得更大and more efficient, but fewer in number. Moreover, aquaculture businesses within the 更少、更高效,但在数字。此外,在水产养殖企业United States are now able to operate in large-scale as they coordinate business functions 美国现在能够在大型作为他们协调业务功能within an industry network comprised of multiple strategic partnerships. Such networks 在一个工业网络包含在多样的战略伙伴关系。这样的网络serve to coordinate supply and demand in large-scale. Building similar business 服务协调供需规模宏大。建设同类业务frameworks in developing regions of the world will likely play an equally critical role in 框架在发展中国家可能会起到同等重要的作用the development of agriculture and aquaculture sectors. 农业的发展和水产养殖等行业。22 22With the anticipation of future development of aquaculture supporting 预期未来与养殖业的发展支持infrastructures, new business model opportunities will likely develop which will further 基础设施、新的商业模式的机会也可能这将进一步发展enhance the global connectivity of the aquaculture industry. Already, a number of 提高全球的连通性养殖业。已,相当多的businesses are able to transport aquaculture products internationally to satisfy global 商人能够养殖水产品国际运输,以满足全球needs. In fact, the United States is a net importer of aquaculture products. However, as 需要。事实上,美国是养殖水产品的净进口国。然而,随着the aquaculture industry becomes increasingly connected on a global scale, it will likely 水产养殖事业越来越连接在全球范围内,它可能会be transformed under multi-national business models much like those observed in 在跨国经营模式转变中所观察到的一样advanced manufacturing industries (e.g. automotive industry). For example, a Japanese 先进制造业(如汽车行业)。例如,一个日本car company operating a facility in the United States may have several components 汽车公司操作的一种设施在美国可能有几个部件manufactured from raw materials in places such as Germany and Russia. Those 从原料制造的地方,如德国和俄罗斯。那些components may then be shipped to Japan where they are assembled into a subcomponent 组件可能会被运往日本的地方,他们受到组合成一种subcomponent(e.g. car engine), which is then shipped to the United States. At the assembly (如汽车引擎),然后运送到美国。大会上plant in the US, numerous pre-assembled components are put together to form a 在美国,许多植物摆放在一起,预部件形成functioning car. Another company, whose core function is distribution, can then take 功能的汽车。另一家公司,其核心功能分布、就能得到several car models assembled from different plants and brings them to a dealership who 几车模型组装出不同的植物和带来他们经销商的谁in turn sells the car to the end consumer. 卖车要轮流最终消费者。Though a significant number of hurdles exist, multi-national aquaculture 虽然存在大量的障碍、多民族的水产养殖businesses may begin to operate in much the same way. For example, raw materials 企业可能会开始操作,以相同的方式。例如,原材料including soybeans, corn, and other agriculture products may be grown in Brazil, 包括大豆、玉米、和其他农业产品可能生长在巴西,Honduras, and other countries. These products may then be shipped to a processing plant 宏都拉斯、和其他国家。这些产品就有可能被运到一个加工厂in Mexico where they are formulated into fish feed and subsequently sent to a fish farm 在墨西哥,在那里他们进鱼饲料,并制定随后送到一个渔场located within Mexico or other nearby countries. Fish generated from the plant may then 座落在墨西哥或者其他附近的国家。鱼就可以产生的植物23 23be sent as whole fish to an independent processing plant where filets are generated and 被派来作全鱼给一个独立的加工厂filets产生和地方packaged. Individual fish packages may then be sent to the United States and distributed 包装。个人鱼就有可能被包裹送往美国并分发出去to a number of restaurants, open markets, grocery stores, and shopping centers through an 许多餐馆,开放的市场、食品杂货店、和购物中心通过independent distribution company. Unlike the car manufacturing example, the 独立的销售公司。与汽车制造业的例子coordination of perishable product manufacturing and distribution across local and 易逝性产品制造与协调,分布在各个地方international regions present unique challenges that must be addressed in the near future. 国际地区呈现出独特的挑战,必须加以解决,在不久的将来。In this regard, information technology applications will likely play a critical role in 在这方面,信息技术应用可能起着十分重要的作用transforming coordination efforts of the aquaculture supply chain. In addition to helping 协调的努力转变水产养殖供应链。另外可以帮助facilitate a globally interconnected aquaculture industry, IT coordination of the food 协助全球互联养殖业,它协调的食物industry may also serve in the transportation of food products to regions with scarce 工业也可以服务于食品产品的运输地区和稀少availability to alleviate malnutrition. 供货,以减轻营养不良。Maintaining the projected growth of the aquaculture industry into the 21st century 预计增长的维护养殖业带入21世纪will ultimately require an internationally recognized and globally implemented strategic 将最终需要一个国际公认的和全球范围内实施战略吗plan. Yet even with advances in R&D, including IT innovation that connects the industry 计划。然而,即便在研发进展,包括它的创新,将产业globally, several additional factors of sustainability must also be addressed. Without the 从全球范围来看,一些附加因素的可持续性还必须解决。没有use of such a holistic approach towards sustainability, aquaculture growth will lose its 使用这样的整体性朝向永续性、水产养殖学增长将会失去它momentum. A strategic plan aimed at facilitating the sustained growth of the aquaculture 动力。一个战略计划,旨在促进可持续发展的水产养殖industry will need to determine and implement systems which optimize environmental, 产业将需要确定和实施系统优化环境,economic, and social equity benefits. 经济和社会公平的好处。 可能有点乱，希望可以帮助到您！
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