求英语高人帮我翻译一段管理学里面的话，不要翻译器翻译的，事后追加100

Question

一、 古典组织理论的演进

19世纪末20世纪初的美国和欧洲，资本主义企业取得一定的发展，对管理的要求日益强烈。这一时期，组织理论的研究分为三个派别：科学管理学派、行政管理学派、官僚体制学派。
以泰罗为代表的科学管理学派主张实行职能管理制，不仅要单独设置职能管理机构，还要在职能管理机构内部的各项管理职能之间实行专业化和标准化的分工，使所有的职能人员只承担1至2项管理职能；提出权利下放的例外原则，使上下级之间实行合理分工，上级把一般性的日常事物授权给下级管理人员去处理，只保留例外特殊管理事物的决策权和对下级工作的监督权。
法约尔是行政管理学派的代表人物，他提出了管理的五个基本的职能，即计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制，并认为组织职能是一项非常重要的职能；同时他又提出了直线—职能制的组织模式，设计了一种为解决上下级之间跨越统一的指挥链而进行直接联系的组织形式，即“法约尔跳板”；他也概括了包括组织职能在内的14条一般管理原则。
韦伯的科层制理论认为组织治理机制有三种基础：其一是理性基础，即组织建立在对权力和法规的信念之上，并通过相应的规则来组织活动；其二是传统基础，即组织建立在古老传统和统治身份的神圣信念之上；其三是魅力基础，即组织建立在具体的、非同寻常的个人及其统治方式之上；同时韦伯用合理—合法的职权观念论证了官僚制存在的合理性，对官僚制的组织形式的结构提出了自己的看法：官僚制的组织结构应该分为三层，顶端是主要负责人，主要职能是决策，中间层是一般管理人员，主要职能是执行主要负责人做出的决策，底部是业务人员，主要职能是从事具体的业务工作。韦伯论证了个人行为的合理性和社会秩序的合法性，形成了经典性的“官僚组织理论”，被称为“组织理论之父”。
古利特和厄威克的组织理论是建立在泰罗和韦伯的组织理论基础之上。古利克提出了著名的“管理七职能论”，并认为组织的目标是协调，厄威克提出组织理论的八条原则。他们的理论标志着“古典管理组织理论”体系的形成。
古典组织理论构造了集权型层级制的组织结构，这种组织结构的表现形式适应了社会生产体制由作坊式小生产体制向工厂化的社会化大生产的体制的转化，促进了组织效率的提高和生产力的发展。古典组织结构理论用其科学和理性的准确性、严格性和普遍性来解释组织结构的变化原因，理论的重点放在组织管理的基本原则的概括和分析上。
服了。。。全是机器翻译的··

Answer 1

First, the evolution of classical organization theory

The late 19th century early 20th century the United States and Europe, the capitalist enterprises to obtain a certain degree of development of the growing management requirements. This period, the study of organization theory is divided into three factions: the scientific management school, school administration, school bureaucracy.
To Taylor's scientific management represented in favor of the functions of school management system, not only to separate the functions of regulatory agencies, but also the functions of regulatory agencies in various management functions within the specialization and standardization between the division of labor, so that all the functions of staff only 1-2 assume management functions; made an exception to the principle of decentralization, so that on a reasonable division of labor between the lower level, the higher the日常事物general managers delegated to lower levels to deal with and retain only exceptions to special management and decision-making power of things to supervise the work of subordinates.
To Taylor's scientific management represented in favor of the functions of school management system, not only to separate the functions of regulatory agencies, but also the functions of regulatory agencies in various management functions within the specialization and standardization between the division of labor, so that all the functions of staff only 1-2 assume management functions; made an exception to the principle of decentralization, so that on a reasonable division of labor between the lower level, the higher the日常事物general managers delegated to lower levels to deal with and retain only exceptions to special management and decision-making power of things to supervise the work of subordinates.
Fayol is representative of school administration, he put forward five basic management functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordination and control, and that the organization is a very important function of the functions; the same time, he also raised the a straight line - the functions of model-based organization designed to address a cross-between superiors and their subordinates and unified chain of command directly linked to the organizational form, that is, "a springboard Fayol"; He also summarized the functions include the organization, including 14 general management principles.
Fayol is representative of school administration, he put forward five basic management functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordination and control, and that the organization is a very important function of the functions; the same time, he also raised the a straight line - the functions of model-based organization designed to address a cross-between superiors and their subordinates and unified chain of command directly linked to the organizational form, that is, "a springboard Fayol"; He also summarized the functions include the organization, including 14 general management principles.
Gullit and Urwick of organization theory is based on Taylor and Weber's organization theory foundation. Gulick proposed the famous "seven functions of management theory" and that the goal of organizations is to coordinate, to organizations Urwick eight principles of the theory. Their theory indicates that "the classical theory of management" system formation.Classical organization theory-based structure of the centralized system-level organizational structure, which form the organizational structure of the performance of the system to adapt to the social production by small-scale production workshops to the factory system of large-scale production of the social transformation of the system, and promote organizational efficiency and the development of productive forces.

Answer 2

A, classic organization theories of evolve

The end of 19 centuries the beginning of 20 centuries of the United States and Europe, the capitalism business enterprise obtain certain of development, to management of request day by day mightiness.This at that time period, organization theories of research is divided into three group:The school of thought, bureaucrat system of the science management school of thought, administration management school of thought.
With Tai for representative of science management the school of thought lay claim to execution working talent management to make, not only want to be alone constitution working talent management organization, return want an incumbency ability management organization inner part of each item management working talent of practice profession turn with standardize of division of labour, make all working talent personnel undertake 1-2 management working talent;Put forward the exception principle put under the right, make top and bottom of the class practice reasonable division of labour, superior general of daily thing authorization to descend class a manager whereabouts reason, reserve the exception be special management thing of decision power and to descend class work of direct power.
Method invite the Er is an administration management the representative of the school of thought person, he put forward management of five basic working talent, then plan, organization, conductor, moderate and control, and think organization working talent is a count for much working talent;In the meantime he put forward again straight line-working talent system of organization mode, design 1 kind for solve top and bottom of the class cross over unify of conductor chain but carry on direct contact of organized form, namely"method invite Er gangplank";He also generalized to include organization a working talent at inside of 14 general management principle.
The section layer system theories of Wei elder brother of one's father think organization to manage a mechanism to have three kinds of foundation:One is a reasonableness foundation, then organization establishment at to the conviction of the power and the laws on, and pass correspond of rule to organization activity;It two is a tradition foundation, then organization establishment at thou old tradition and rule identity of sacred conviction on;It three is a magic power foundation, then organization establishment at concrete of, not- together usually personal and it rule way on;The Wei elder brother of one's father use in the meantime reasonable-legal of authority idea argument bureaucrat system existence of rationality, put forward to the structure of the organized form of bureaucrat system oneself of viewpoint:The organization structure of the bureaucrat system should is divided into 3 F, the top be a main representative director, the main working talent be a decision, in the center layer is general manager, main working talent is performance the main representative director do of decision, the bottom is a business personnel, the main working talent is to be engaged in concrete of business work.Wei elder brother of one's father argument the legitimacy of personal rationality of behavior and social order, formation classic"bureaucrat organization theories" is called "organization theories of father".
Thou benefit especially with the gram of E Wei of organization theories is establishment in the Tai with Wei elder brother of one's father of organization theories foundation on.Thou benefit gram"management seven working talents theory" which put forward a Zhao, and think organization of target is moderate, the gram of E Wei put forward organization theories of eight principle.Their orieses marking"classic management organization theories" system of formation.
Classic organization theories structure centralization type layer class system of organization structure, this kind of organization structure of manifestation orientation society produce system from workshop type small produce the system turn toward the factory of acculturation big produce of system of conversion, promoted organization efficiency of exaltation and productivity of development.Classic organization the structure theories use its science and reasonableness of accuracy, strict and catholicity come to explain organization structure of variety reason, theories of the point put at organization management of generalize of basic principle and analysis top

Answer 3

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