求英语高人帮我翻译一段管理学里面的话，不要翻译器翻译的，事后追加100

Question

一、 古典组织理论的演进

19世纪末20世纪初的美国和欧洲，资本主义企业取得一定的发展，对管理的要求日益强烈。这一时期，组织理论的研究分为三个派别：科学管理学派、行政管理学派、官僚体制学派。
以泰罗为代表的科学管理学派主张实行职能管理制，不仅要单独设置职能管理机构，还要在职能管理机构内部的各项管理职能之间实行专业化和标准化的分工，使所有的职能人员只承担1至2项管理职能；提出权利下放的例外原则，使上下级之间实行合理分工，上级把一般性的日常事物授权给下级管理人员去处理，只保留例外特殊管理事物的决策权和对下级工作的监督权。
法约尔是行政管理学派的代表人物，他提出了管理的五个基本的职能，即计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制，并认为组织职能是一项非常重要的职能；同时他又提出了直线—职能制的组织模式，设计了一种为解决上下级之间跨越统一的指挥链而进行直接联系的组织形式，即“法约尔跳板”；他也概括了包括组织职能在内的14条一般管理原则。
韦伯的科层制理论认为组织治理机制有三种基础：其一是理性基础，即组织建立在对权力和法规的信念之上，并通过相应的规则来组织活动；其二是传统基础，即组织建立在古老传统和统治身份的神圣信念之上；其三是魅力基础，即组织建立在具体的、非同寻常的个人及其统治方式之上；同时韦伯用合理—合法的职权观念论证了官僚制存在的合理性，对官僚制的组织形式的结构提出了自己的看法：官僚制的组织结构应该分为三层，顶端是主要负责人，主要职能是决策，中间层是一般管理人员，主要职能是执行主要负责人做出的决策，底部是业务人员，主要职能是从事具体的业务工作。韦伯论证了个人行为的合理性和社会秩序的合法性，形成了经典性的“官僚组织理论”，被称为“组织理论之父”。
古利特和厄威克的组织理论是建立在泰罗和韦伯的组织理论基础之上。古利克提出了著名的“管理七职能论”，并认为组织的目标是协调，厄威克提出组织理论的八条原则。他们的理论标志着“古典管理组织理论”体系的形成。
古典组织理论构造了集权型层级制的组织结构，这种组织结构的表现形式适应了社会生产体制由作坊式小生产体制向工厂化的社会化大生产的体制的转化，促进了组织效率的提高和生产力的发展。古典组织结构理论用其科学和理性的准确性、严格性和普遍性来解释组织结构的变化原因，理论的重点放在组织管理的基本原则的概括和分析上。
服了。。。全是机器翻译的··

Answer 1

19世纪末20世纪初的美国和欧洲，资本主义企业取得一定的发展，对管理的要求日益强烈。这一时期，组织理论的研究分为三个派别：科学管理学派、行政管理学派、官僚体制学派。
以泰罗为代表的科学管理学派主张实行职能管理制，不仅要单独设置职能管理机构，还要在职能管理机构内部的各项管理职能之间实行专业化和标准化的分工，使所有的职能人员只承担1至2项管理职能；提出权利下放的例外原则，使上下级之间实行合理分工，上级把一般性的日常事物授权给下级管理人员去处理，只保留例外特殊管理事物的决策权和对下级工作的监督权。
法约尔是行政管理学派的代表人物，他提出了管理的五个基本的职能，即计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制，并认为组织职能是一项非常重要的职能；同时他又提出了直线—职能制的组织模式，设计了一种为解决上下级之间跨越统一的指挥链而进行直接联系的组织形式，即“法约尔跳板”；他也概括了包括组织职能在内的14条一般管理原则。
韦伯的科层制理论认为组织治理机制有三种基础：其一是理性基础，即组织建立在对权力和法规的信念之上，并通过相应的规则来组织活动；其二是传统基础，即组织建立在古老传统和统治身份的神圣信念之上；其三是魅力基础，即组织建立在具体的、非同寻常的个人及其统治方式之上；同时韦伯用合理—合法的职权观念论证了官僚制存在的合理性，对官僚制的组织形式的结构提出了自己的看法：官僚制的组织结构应该分为三层，顶端是主要负责人，主要职能是决策，中间层是一般管理人员，主要职能是执行主要负责人做出的决策，底部是业务人员，主要职能是从事具体的业务工作。韦伯论证了个人行为的合理性和社会秩序的合法性，形成了经典性的“官僚组织理论”，被称为“组织理论之父”。
古利特和厄威克的组织理论是建立在泰罗和韦伯的组织理论基础之上。古利克提出了著名的“管理七职能论”，并认为组织的目标是协调，厄威克提出组织理论的八条原则。他们的理论标志着“古典管理组织理论”体系的形成。
古典组织理论构造了集权型层级制的组织结构，这种组织结构的表现形式适应了社会生产体制由作坊式小生产体制向工厂化的社会化大生产的体制的转化，促进了组织效率的提高和生产力的发展。古典组织结构理论用其科学和理性的准确性、严格性和普遍性来解释组织结构的变化原因，理论的重点放在组织管理的基本原则的概括和分析上。
问题补充：说了不要翻译机器翻译的啦~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The late 19th century early 20th century the United States and Europe, the capitalist enterprises to obtain a certain degree of development of the growing management requirements. This period, the study of organization theory is divided into three factions: the scientific management school, school administration, school bureaucracy.

To Taylor's scientific management represented in favor of the functions of school management system, not only to separate the functions of regulatory agencies, but also the functions of regulatory agencies in various management functions within the specialization and standardization between the division of labor, so that all the functions of staff only 1-2 assume management functions; made an exception to the principle of decentralization, so that on a reasonable division of labor between the lower level, the higher the日常事物general managers delegated to lower levels to deal with and retain only exceptions to special management and decision-making power of things to supervise the work of subordinates.

Fayol is representative of school administration, he put forward five basic management functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordination and control, and that the organization is a very important function of the functions; the same time, he also raised the a straight line - the functions of model-based organization designed to address a cross-between superiors and their subordinates and unified chain of command directly linked to the organizational form, that is, "a springboard Fayol"; He also summarized the functions include the organization, including 14 general management principles.

Weber's bureaucracy theory suggests that there are three organizations based on governance mechanisms: One is the rational basis, that is, organizations based on the belief in the power and regulations on, and the corresponding rules to organize activities; the other is the traditional foundation, that is, organizations built on the rule of the ancient traditions and beliefs on the identity of the sacred; The third is the charm of the foundation, that is, organizations based on specific and unusual on individuals and their governance; At the same time, Weber reasonable - the terms of the concept of legal argumentation the existence of a bureaucratic system of the reasonableness of the system of bureaucratic forms of organization structure of the views of their own: the organizational structure of the bureaucratic system should be divided into three tiers, the top is the main person in charge, the main functions of the decision-making, the middle layer is the general managers The main function is to make the implementation of the main person in charge of decision-making, at the bottom of the business, the main function is to engage in specific operations. Weber demonstrates the rationality of individual behavior and the legitimacy of social order, forming a classic of the "theory of bureaucratic organization," known as the "father of organization theory."

Gullit and Urwick of organization theory is based on Taylor and Weber's organization theory foundation. Gulick proposed the famous "seven functions of management theory" and that the goal of organizations is to coordinate, to organizations Urwick eight principles of the theory. Their theory indicates that "the classical theory of management" system formation.

Classical organization theory-based structure of the centralized system-level organizational structure, which form the organizational structure of the performance of the system to adapt to the social production by small-scale production workshops to the factory system of large-scale production of the social transformation of the system, and promote organizational efficiency and the development of productive forces. Classical theory of organizational structure and rational use of its scientific accuracy, rigor and universality to explain the reasons for the changes in organizational structure, focusing on the theory of the basic principles of organization and management of general and analysis.

Answer 2

One, the classical allusion organizes the theory evolution:

19 original end of the century 20 centuries USA and Europes, capitalism enterprise gets certain development , face to face administrative call for is gradually intense. This momentary scheduled time , go into organizing theory are three faction mark: Manage school , administration school , bureaucrat system school scientifically. The scientific management school taking Tailuo as representative advocates that the effectuation function manages system, not only being going to set up function administration alone, want division of work putting professionalization into practice and standardizing between the management function managing internal various of organization in function, to make all function personnel bear 1 only too till 2 management functions; The exception principle suggesting that right is transferred to a lower level, makes high and low put rational division of labor into practice between the step , higher authority authorizes daily generality object to give lower level handling crew to go and handle , reserves an exception managing the object decision-making power and the authority to supervise to lower level job peculiarly. And Fayueer has been administration school leading exponent , he has brought forward fundamental five functions managing , namely, has planned , has organized , has commanded , has been in harmony and has controlled, think that organizing a function is very important one function; He has brought forward the organization pattern that the straight line function makes at the same time, "access board having designed one kind organization form , namely Fayueer" carry out direct connection to resolve the chain striding over the unified conductor about between the step; He has also summarized that 14 sorts including organization function manages principle. Weber section makes theory tier thinking that organization governs mechanism having three kinds bases: One is a reason basis , namely organization builds above the belief to authority and law and regulation, and by organizing an activity coming corresponding regulation; It's two is a tradition basis , namely organization builds above antiquited tradition and the belief governing the dignity sacredness; It's three is charm basis, namely organization builds above the common individual who concrete , is not same and their ruling way; Weber has used rational legal authority of office concept to have expounded and proven the rationality that the bureaucrat there exists in system at the same time , the form structure has brought forward self view to the organization that the bureaucrat makes: The framework of organization that the bureaucrat makes ought to stratify into three layers , that the top is an overall director , main function is to make policy, the mesosphere is a general handling crew , that the main function is to carry out decision of strategic importance , the bottom that the overall director does out is professionals , the main function is to be engaged in the concrete business job. Weber has been expounded and proven individual behavior rationality and the social order legitimacy , "the bureaucrat who has formed classics's has been organized theory " , "father of organizing theory has been called". Gulite and Eweike's organization theory are to build of the organization rationale in Tailuo and weber. Gulike has brought forward famous "administration seven functions theory " , has thought that the target organizing is to be in harmony and, Eweike brings forward eight principle of organization theory. Their theory is indicating "classical allusion administrative organization theory " system formation. The classical allusion has organized the framework of organization that the structural theory centralization of state power type makes tier step , this framework of organization manifestation has adapted to the social production system development of rise and productivity having changed , promoting organization efficiency from the dyadic workshop small-scale production system system to factory-rization large-scale social production. Classical allusion framework of organization theory uses whose science and the reason accuracy , strictness and universality come to make an explanation the framework of organization change cause, the theory priority readjusts oneself to a certain extent on base summarization and analysis managed by organization.

Answer 3

The late 19th century early 20th century the United States and Europe, the capitalist enterprises to obtain a certain degree of development of the growing management requirements. This period, the study of organization theory is divided into three factions: the scientific management school, school administration, school bureaucracy.

To Taylor's scientific management represented in favor of the functions of school management system, not only to separate the functions of regulatory agencies, but also the functions of regulatory agencies in various management functions within the specialization and standardization between the division of labor, so that all the functions of staff only 1-2 assume management functions; made an exception to the principle of decentralization, so that on a reasonable division of labor between the lower level, the higher the日常事物general managers delegated to lower levels to deal with and retain only exceptions to special management and decision-making power of things to supervise the work of subordinates.

Fayol is representative of school administration, he put forward five basic management functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordination and control, and that the organization is a very important function of the functions; the same time, he also raised the a straight line - the functions of model-based organization designed to address a cross-between superiors and their subordinates and unified chain of command directly linked to the organizational form, that is, "a springboard Fayol"; He also summarized the functions include the organization, including 14 general management principles.

Weber's bureaucracy theory suggests that there are three organizations based on governance mechanisms: One is the rational basis, that is, organizations based on the belief in the power and regulations on, and the corresponding rules to organize activities; the other is the traditional foundation, that is, organizations built on the rule of the ancient traditions and beliefs on the identity of the sacred; The third is the charm of the foundation, that is, organizations based on specific and unusual on individuals and their governance; At the same time, Weber reasonable - the terms of the concept of legal argumentation the existence of a bureaucratic system of the reasonableness of the system of bureaucratic forms of organization structure of the views of their own: the organizational structure of the bureaucratic system should be divided into three tiers, the top is the main person in charge, the main functions of the decision-making, the middle layer is the general managers The main function is to make the implementation of the main person in charge of decision-making, at the bottom of the business, the main function is to engage in specific operations. Weber demonstrates the rationality of individual behavior and the legitimacy of social order, forming a classic of the "theory of bureaucratic organization," known as the "father of organization theory."

Gullit and Urwick of organization theory is based on Taylor and Weber's organization theory foundation. Gulick proposed the famous "seven functions of management theory" and that the goal of organizations is to coordinate, to organizations Urwick eight principles of the theory. Their theory indicates that "the classical theory of management" system formation.

Classical organization theory-based structure of the centralized system-level organizational structure, which form the organizational structure of the performance of the system to adapt to the social production by small-scale production workshops to the factory system of large-scale production of the social transformation of the system, and promote organizational efficiency and the development of productive forces. Classical theory of organizational structure and rational use of its scientific accuracy, rigor and universality to explain the reasons for the changes in organizational structure, focusing on the theory of the basic principles of organization and management of general and analysis.

Answer 4

A classical theory, the evolution

The late 19th and early 20th century America and Europe, capitalist enterprise to obtain certain development and management requirements increasingly intense. In this period, organization theory is divided into three parts, scientific management, administration, school of bureaucracy.
Taylor to represent scientific management school advocate a function, not only to single management system, management organization function setting in the function of internal management institution between management functions of specialization and standardization division, make all the functions of personnel assume only 1-2 item management function, Put down the exception principle, the right to implement the rational division of labor between the superior and the general level of everyday things to lower management personnel authorized to handle and retain only exception of decision-making and management of special things to lower the supervision work.
Joel's administrative law school, he puts forward five basic functions of management, planning, organizing, directing and coordinating and control, and that the organization is a very important function, And again he put forward line -- ZhiNengZhi organization model, design a kind of solution for superior across the unity between the chain of command and direct contact form, namely "method" Joel springboard, He also summarized, including organization functions of general management principles of 14.
Webber's theory of hierarchical governance mechanism that three basic: one is rational foundation, namely organization based on the power and the rules and regulations, and through the corresponding beliefs of rules to organize activities, Secondly, as the traditional organization established in ancient traditions and beliefs of the sacred ruling status, Thirdly, namely charm is established in concrete, organization and individual way of unusual rule, While webber with reasonable legal authority -- ideas demonstrates the rationality of the existence of the bureaucracy of the bureaucracy organization structure proposed own view: the bureaucracy structure should be divided into three layers, apex is mainly responsible for, the main function is to decision-making, middle managers, are generally main functions are mainly responsible for execution decisions, at the bottom of the business personnel, main function is engaged in professional work of concrete. Webber demonstrates the behavior of the individual rationality and social order, formed the legality of the classic "bureaucratic organization theory", called the "father of organizational theory".
Ruud gullit and wacker organization theory is based on the theory of organization and webber Taylor. Cyrenian, put forward the famous idea of "management theory, and seven functions that the objectives of the organization are coordinated, eritrea wacker of organizational theory put forward eight principles. They marked "classical management organization theory system.
The classical theory of hierarchical structure for centralized organization structure, the organization structure forms of social production system adapted to the characteristic of mill factory of socialized production system, promote the transformation of the system of the organizational efficiency and productivity. The classical theory of organizational structure with its scientific and rational accuracy and strict to explain the organization structure and universality, the change of organizational management theory focuses on the basic principles of analysis and generalization.

Answer 5

希望能帮到你：
First, the evolution of classical organization theory

The late 19th century early 20th century the United States and Europe, the capitalist enterprises to obtain a certain degree of development of the growing management requirements. This period, the study of organization theory is divided into three factions: the scientific management school, school administration, school bureaucracy.

To Taylor's scientific management represented in favor of the functions of school management system, not only to separate the functions of regulatory agencies, but also the functions of regulatory agencies in various management functions within the specialization and standardization between the division of labor, so that all the functions of staff only 1-2 assume management functions; made an exception to the principle of decentralization, so that on a reasonable division of labor between the lower level, the higher the日常事物general managers delegated to lower levels to deal with and retain only exceptions to special management and decision-making power of things to supervise the work of subordinates.

Fayol is representative of school administration, he put forward five basic management functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordination and control, and that the organization is a very important function of the functions; the same time, he also raised the a straight line - the functions of model-based organization designed to address a cross-between superiors and their subordinates and unified chain of command directly linked to the organizational form, that is, "a springboard Fayol"; He also summarized the functions include the organization, including 14 general management principles.

Weber's bureaucracy theory suggests that there are three organizations based on governance mechanisms: One is the rational basis, that is, organizations based on the belief in the power and regulations on, and the corresponding rules to organize activities; the other is the traditional foundation, that is, organizations built on the rule of the ancient traditions and beliefs on the identity of the sacred; The third is the charm of the foundation, that is, organizations based on specific and unusual on individuals and their governance; At the same time, Weber reasonable - the terms of the concept of legal argumentation the existence of a bureaucratic system of the reasonableness of the system of bureaucratic forms of organization structure of the views of their own: the organizational structure of the bureaucratic system should be divided into three tiers, the top is the main person in charge, the main functions of the decision-making, the middle layer is the general managers The main function is to make the implementation of the main person in charge of decision-making, at the bottom of the business, the main function is to engage in specific operations. Weber demonstrates the rationality of individual behavior and the legitimacy of social order, forming a classic of the "theory of bureaucratic organization," known as the "father of organization theory."

Gullit and Urwick of organization theory is based on Taylor and Weber's organization theory foundation. Gulick proposed the famous "seven functions of management theory" and that the goal of organizations is to coordinate, to organizations Urwick eight principles of the theory. Their theory indicates that "the classical theory of management" system formation.

Classical organization theory-based structure of the centralized system-level organizational structure, which form the organizational structure of the performance of the system to adapt to the social production by small-scale production workshops to the factory system of large-scale production of the social transformation of the system, and promote organizational efficiency and the development of productive forces. Classical theory of organizational structure and rational use of its scientific accuracy, rigor and universality to explain the reasons for the changes in organizational structure, focusing on the theory of the basic principles of organization and management of general and analysis.