求英语高手将下面的一段话翻译成中文,谢绝在线翻译和工具翻译

Characterisation of anodic layers on Cu–10Sn bronze (RDE) in aerated NaCl solution

a b s t r a c t
The anodic surfaces formed on Cu–10Sn (wt.%) alloy (a-bronze) are investigated in aerated 0.1 Maqueous chloride solution, using electrochemical reduction and characterisation methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the whole anodic domain, investigations performed on a bronze rotating disk electrode (RDE) reveal the systematic formation of a uniform oxidation layer. It is evidenced that the chemical composition of the layer varies with the applied anodic potential, but also that the latter always exhibits a poorly crystallised (probably nanocrystalline) hydrated and hydroxylated nature. Close to Eoc, the compounds are mainly (hydroxide) oxides of tin and copper, incorporating very low amounts of chlorides. At intermediate oxidation potentials corresponding to the active–passive transition, the first oxidation peak corresponds to the formation of hydrated tin
oxyhydroxide chloride species which transforms in a more stable one – probably related to theSn(II)?Sn(IV) oxidation. At higher anodic potential, on the current plateau, the layer contains hydrated tin (IV) oxyhydroxide and copper chloride (mainly CuCl). However, XRD and XPS results reveal that the barrier layer has a complex nature, including unidentified products and different spatially distributed charged surface zones. The corrosion mechanism involves an internal oxidation of the alloy linked to a preferential dissolution of copper, namely a decuprification. A decuprification factor fCu is defined and calculated. Both fCu and the layer thickness increase with the applied potential. We show unambiguously that the tin compounds remain in the corrosion layer, acting as stabilizing species. It is suggested that the tin species promote the formation of a network as for tin oxide xerogel, through which copper ions and anions migrate. Both the layer microstructure and the decuprification factor (fCu) are in agreement with those found in Type I patina of ancient bronzes.
_ 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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Characterisation of anodic layers on Cu–10Sn bronze (RDE) in aerated NaCl solution
在充氧NaCl溶液中Cu-10Sn青铜上阳极层的特性表征
a b s t r a c t
摘要:
The anodic surfaces formed on Cu–10Sn (wt.%) alloy (a-bronze) are investigated in aerated 0.1 Maqueous chloride solution, using electrochemical reduction and characterisation methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 在Cu-10Sn(质量分数)合金(a-青铜)上形成的阳极表面在充氧的0.1M氯化物水溶液中,用扫描电子显微(SEM)、能量离散光谱测定法(EDS)、傅立叶变换户外光谱法(FTIR)、X射线衍射法(XRD)、和X射线光电子能谱法进行了研究。On the whole anodic domain, investigations performed on a bronze rotating disk electrode (RDE) reveal the systematic formation of a uniform oxidation layer. 在整个阳极的范畴内,对青铜旋转圆盘电极(RDE)进行的研究揭示,有一均匀的氧化层系统的形成。It is evidenced that the chemical composition of the layer varies with the applied anodic potential, but also that the latter always exhibits a poorly crystallised (probably nanocrystalline) hydrated and hydroxylated nature. 这证明了该层的化学组分随着所施加的阳极电位而变化,而且后者总是呈现出结晶差的(或许是纳米晶)、水合的和羟化的本质。Close to Eoc, the compounds are mainly (hydroxide) oxides of tin and copper, incorporating very low amounts of chlorides. 接近Eoc,化合物主要是锡和铜的(氢氧化物)氧化物,结合进很低含量的氯化物。At intermediate oxidation potentials corresponding to the active–passive transition, the first oxidation peak corresponds to the formation of hydrated tin oxyhydroxide chloride species which transforms in a more stable one – probably related to theSn(II)?Sn(IV) oxidation. 在与活化-钝化转移相应的中等氧化电位下,第一个氧化峰值对应于水合氢氧化锡氯化物形态的形成,这种形态以一种更稳定的形态变换-或许与Sn(II)-Sn(IV)的氧化有关。At higher anodic potential, on the current plateau, the layer contains hydrated tin (IV) oxyhydroxide and copper chloride (mainly CuCl). 在较高的阳极电位下,在目前的平台上,该层含有水合锡(IV)氢氧化物和氯化铜(主要是CuCl)。However, XRD and XPS results reveal that the barrier layer has a complex nature, including unidentified products and different spatially distributed charged surface zones. 可是XRD和XPS检验的结果揭示,阻挡层有复杂的本质,包括未经识别的产物和不同空间分布的带电表面区。The corrosion mechanism involves an internal oxidation of the alloy linked to a preferential dissolution of copper, namely a decuprification. 腐蚀机理涉及到合金的内部氧化,这与铜的择优溶解相关联,称之为decuprification。对decuprification因子fcu 作了定义和计算。decuprification factor fCu is defined and calculated. Both fCu and the layer thickness increase with the applied potential. We show unambiguously that the tin compounds remain in the corrosion layer, acting as stabilizing species. fcu 和层的厚度都随所施加的电位而增加。我们毫不含糊地证明了,锡化合物保留在腐蚀层,起到稳定物质的作用。

It is suggested that the tin species promote the formation of a network as for tin oxide xerogel, through which copper ions and anions migrate. Both the layer microstructure and the decuprification factor (fCu) are in agreement with those found in Type I patina of ancient bronzes.这告诉我们,锡物质能促进像氧化锡干凝胶那样的网络的形成,铜离子和阴离子就通过它迁移。层的微结构和decuprification因子(fcu)都和古青铜类型1铜绿中发现的相符。
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第1个回答  2009-06-03
正极层的描述特性在Cu–10Sn古铜(RDE)的在被供气的NaCl解答

a b s t r c t在Cu–10Sn (wt.%)合金形成的The正极表面(古铜)在供气被调查0.1 Maqueous氯化物解答,使用电化学减少和描述特性方法例如扫描的电子显微镜术(SEM),能量分散性光谱(EDS),傅立叶变换红外分光学(FTIR), X光衍射(XRD)和X-射线光电子分光学(XPS)。 总体上正极领域,在一个古铜色旋转式磁盘电极进行的调查(RDE)显露一致的氧化作用层数的系统的形成。 见证层数的化学成分变化以应用的正极潜力,而且后者总是陈列不足被结晶的(大概nanocrystalline)水合的和被羟基化的自然。 接近Eoc,化合物是(锡和铜主要氢氧化)氧化物,合并非常低数量氯化物。 在与active–passive转折相应的中间氧化作用潜力,第一个氧化作用峰顶对应于水合的锡的形成
oxyhydroxide在更加稳定的一–变换的氯化物种类与theSn (II)大概关连?锡(IV)氧化作用。 在更高的正极潜力,在当前高原,层数包含水合的罐子(iv) oxyhydroxide和铜氯化物(主要CuCl)。 然而, XRD和XPS结果显露障碍层有复杂自然,包括未认出的产品和不同的空间地分布的被充电的表面区域。 腐蚀机制介入与铜的优先溶解连接的合金的一种内部氧化作用,即decuprification。 decuprification因素fCu被定义并且被计算。 fCu和层数厚度增加以应用的潜力。 我们毫不含糊地表示,罐子化合物在腐蚀层数保持,作为稳定的种类。 被建议罐子种类促进一个网络的形成至于罐子氧化物xerogel的,铜离子和阴离子移居。 层数微结构和decuprification因素(fCu)是与在类型找到的那些意见的一致我古老古铜古色。
_ 2008 Elsevier年有限公司。 版权所有
第2个回答  2009-06-03
对有关Cu?C10Sn青铜((RDE)在朝派阳极的层的人物塑造给NaCl解决方案供气 一b st ra ct在Cu?C10Sn((wt.%)合金((一-青铜)上形成阳极的表面被在被暴露于空气中的0.1 Maqueous氯化物溶液中调查使用例如扫描电子显微术((SEM),能源分散的光谱测定法((EDS),傅里叶变换红外线的光谱学 ((FTIR),X光衍射((XRD)和X光光电子光谱学((XPS)电化的减少和人物塑造methods.在整个阳极的领土上,对一青铜进行转动圆盘电极((RDE)调查暴露一一致氧化层的系统组成.它证明那层随着应用阳极的潜力但是也改变的化学成分有,更后总是展览会a身体不舒服的crystallised((大概nanocrystalline)成水合物和羟化其的本质.靠近Eoc,化合物主要是罐和铜的(氢氧化物)氧化物把非常低的量的氯化物包括进去.在与active?Cpassive过渡相符中间的氧化势潜力方面,第一氧化高峰相符合向水合的罐的组成oxyhydroxide氯化物品种哪一个在大概和 theSn((II)?Sn((IV)氧化有关多一的稳定一?C中变形.在当前高原上更高阳极的潜力方面,层含有水合的罐 ((IV)oxyhydroxide和铜氯化物((主要CuCl).但是,XRD和XPS结果暴露障碍层有一复杂本质,包含来历不明产品和不同占空间地分配装上弹药的表面地区.腐蚀机械装置涉及,合金把一内部氧化的和一铜,就是一decuprification的优先的溶解联系起来的.一个decuprification因素fCu被定义和计算.fCu和层厚度两者随着应用潜力增加.我们不含糊地展示罐化合物在充任稳定品种腐蚀层中停留.它存在建议罐品种促进一至于罐氧化物xerogel网络的组成 through which copper ions and anions migrate. Both the layer microstructure and the decuprification factor (fCu) are in agreement with those found in Type I patina of ancient bronzes. _ 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
第3个回答  2009-06-03
表征阳极层对Cu - 10Sn铜牌(旋转圆盘电极)曝气NaCl溶液
摘要
在阳极表面形成对Cu - 10Sn ( wt. % )合金(一青铜)正在调查曝气0.1 Maqueous溶液,使用电化学还原和表征方法,如扫描电子显微镜( SEM ) ,能量色散光谱( EDS )等傅里叶变换红外光谱(红外) , X射线衍射( XRD )和X射线光电子能谱( XPS ) 。
镜( X射线光电子能谱) 。
镜( X射线光电子能谱) 。整个阳极域,调查上进行了铜牌旋转圆盘电极(旋转圆盘电极)揭示系统形成一个统一的氧化层。它证明,该化学成分的不同而有所差异层采用阳极潜力,而且后者始终表现出不佳的晶体(大概纳米)水合和羟化性质。接近的EOC ,这些化合物主要是(氢)氧化物的锡和铜,其中包括大量的非常低的氯化物。中间氧化电位相应的主动一被动转型,第一氧化峰对应的形成水合锡
oxyhydroxide氯化物种变换在一个更稳定的1 -可能与theSn (二) ?锡(四)氧化。在较高的阳极潜力,对目前的高原,该层含有水合锡(四) oxyhydroxide和氯化铜(主要CuCl ) 。然而, XRD及XPS结果表明,阻隔层的复杂性,
包括身份不明的产品和差异
不一样的收费表面空间分布区。腐蚀机理涉及内部氧化合金相联系的优惠解散铜,即decuprification 。阿decuprification因素fCu的定义和计算方法。这两个fCu和厚度增加,应用潜力。我们毫不含糊地表明了留在锡化合物的腐蚀层,作为稳定的物种。有人建议,锡物种促进形成一个网络,为锡氧化物凝胶,通过铜离子和负离子迁移。同时层显微结构和decuprification因子( fCu )在协议中发现的Ⅰ型帕蒂娜的青铜器。
_ 2008年Elsevier公司版权所有
第4个回答  2009-06-03
正极层的描述特性在Cu-10Sn古铜(RDE)在被供气的NaCl解答b s t r c t在Cu-10Sn (wt.%)合金形成的正极表面(古铜)在供气被调查0.1 Maqueous氯化物解答,运用电化学减少和描述特性方法例如扫描的电子显微镜术(SEM),能量分散性光谱(EDS),傅立叶变换红外分光学(FTIR), X-射线衍射(XRD)和X-射线光电子分光学(XPS)。 总体上正极领域,在一个古铜色旋转式磁盘电极进行的调查(RDE)显露一致的氧化作用层数的系统的形成。 它见证层数的化学成分随应用的正极潜力变化,而且后者总陈列不足被结晶的(大概nanocrystalline)水合的和被羟基化的自然。 紧挨Eoc,化合物是(锡主要氢氧化)氧化物并且上铜,合并非常低数量氯化物。 在对应于活跃被动转折的中间氧化作用潜力,第一个氧化作用峰顶对应于在一更加稳定一个变换水合的罐子oxyhydroxide氯化物种类的形成-与theSn大概相关(II) ?Sn (IV)氧化作用。 在更高的正极潜力,在当前高原,层数包含水合的罐子(iv) oxyhydroxide和铜氯化物(主要CuCl)。 然而, XRD和XPS结果显露障碍层有复杂自然,包括未认出的产品和不同的空间地分布的被充电的表面区域。 腐蚀机制介入与铜的优先溶解连接的合金的一种内部氧化作用,即decuprification。 decuprification因素fCu被定义并且被计算。 fCu和层数厚度增加以应用的潜力。 我们毫不含糊地表示,罐子化合物在腐蚀层数保持,作为稳定的种类。 它被建议罐子种类促进一个网络的形成至于为罐子氧化物xerogel,铜离子和阴离子移居。 层数微结构和decuprification因素(fCu)是与在类型发现的那些意见的一致I古色古老古铜。 _ 2008年Elsevier有限公司。 版权所有

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