You know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. There’s noting new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now databases ate commonly recorded on magnetizable media, and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.
You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating, assessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system (DBMS). The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database, (These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)
A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from thedatabase. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, bur people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. In a file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to a programmer, who , when time permits, well write one or more programs to extract the data and prepare the information. The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path.
The management information system (MIS) concept has been defined in dozens of ways. Since one organization’s model of an MIS is likely to differ from that of another, it’s not surprising that their MIS definitions would also vary in scope and breadth. For our purposes, an MIS van be defined as a network of computer-based data processing procedures developed in an organization and integrated as necessary with manual an other procedures for the purpose of providing timely and effective information to support decision making and other necessary management functions.
In addition to what might be termed the horizontal management structure an organization is also divided verticallyintodifferent specialties and functions which require separate information flows. Combining the horizontal managerial levels with the vertical specialties produces the complex organizational structure. Underlying this structure is a database consisting, ideally, of internally and eternally produced data relating to past, present, and predicted future events.
最好不是机译
英译中... 各位大侠帮帮忙...
1。我方很遗憾地告知你方,尽管它是我们的欲望铺路,为顺利发展我们之间的业务,我们不能接受承兑交单。2。我们发现在质量和价格均感满意,高兴地给你订购你方200 MB-16男人的自行车。随函附上我方第111号销售确认书一式两份,请会签一份,将它寄回我方存档。3。指的是5000黑色绸衬衣356号订单项下,我们...
请各位大侠帮忙翻译几个句子
1、注重发展轻工业,符合发展新农业。翻译:Paying attention to the development of light industry, in line with the development new agriculture.2、农业在本省经济中占优势。翻译:Agriculture in this province is an economy.3、沈阳城已有二千多年的历史了。翻译:Shenyang city has two thousand...
各位大侠 帮忙翻译一下
squared one's shoulders 是笔直的站立的意思
请各位好心大侠帮我翻译下英语句子
1:他累了 He is tired.2:好主意 Good idea.3:太糟糕了 It’s too bad,4:我认为如此 I think so.5:我觉得不太舒服 I feel bad;I feel uncomfortably.6:听到此事我很难过 I am sorry to hear this matter.7:你阴气太盛 Your yinqi is too lively. 阴气直接是中文的,翻译词典也是这么...
各位大侠帮忙翻译一下这句日语吧~~~
拜托预定船期。然后,本次的货运代理预约请与附件的代理联系。这边也计划由海运代理跟贵公司联系,拜托对应。详情等到了现场再细谈。乙仲様(おつなか)船运代理的通称。定期船运叫【乙仲】,二战前日本的“海运组合法”规定的。现在法已经废止,叫法还沿用。参考:不定期船运叫【甲仲】。
各位大侠帮忙翻译几句英语。
1.中国菜以它的色,香,味而著称世界。Chinese dishes are well known for their colour,fragrance and flavour 2.北方人口味偏咸,南方人口味偏甜。The northern people like something salty while the southerners prefer something sweet.3.四川人爱吃辣,而山西人少不了醋。The Sichuan people ...
请各位大侠帮忙翻译一下这篇翻译
青蛙王子 在很久很久以前,有一个国王,他的女儿们都非常漂亮。当然,最小的女儿是最耀眼的一个。小女儿非常喜欢在森林里玩她的小金球。有一天,那只球不小心掉到了井里,那口井非常非常深,一眼望不到底,更不用说球了。她非常伤心的哭了。突然,她看到井口坐着一只青蛙,青蛙开口问她:国王的...
各位大侠,帮忙指点一下如下句子英文翻译!!
Company provides: open mode want to pay the entire fee must be sent after the Samples section, but we can confirm your order after End Samples in order to deduct the total amount of fees proofing.
我有一段英语,请各位大侠帮帮忙翻译过来
爱学校就像爱自己的家一样,我是YUCAI人,在七年级四班,他们喜欢学校,我也喜欢学校
各位大侠帮忙翻译下面的句子,急用。谢谢
1,全球气候变暖是由于化石燃料,如石油产品的燃烧而导致温室气体释放到大气中造成的。二氧化碳和其他温室气体则导致热岛效应,致使我们的大气层变暖。2,但是与克服我的恐惧和恶梦比起来,适应突然间获得的自由算不了什么。3,当然,其他科学家围住宗教领袖安蒂诺里,轮番攻击他的克隆计划是对人类尊严的侮辱...