Chinese character acquisition and visual skills in two Chinese scripts
Abstract:Three different visual skills, along with Chinese character recognition, vocabulary, speeded naming, and syllable deletion skills were tested twice over one school year among 118 Hong Kong and 96 Xiangtan, China kindergartners. Results revealed that a task of Visual Spatial Relationships predicted unique variance in Chinese character recognition, controlling for other skills, at Time 1 among Hong Kong children and at Time 2 in Xiangtan children. The three visual skills were inconsistently affected by age and reading skill. Across testing times, visual skills of the Xiangtan children, who learn simplified script, were significantly higher than those of the Hong Kong children,learning traditional script. Results suggest a bidirectional association of visual skills with Chinese character acquisition across scripts.
Key words: Chinese, Chinese characters, Literacy, Reading, Script, Visual skills
Introduction
Learning to read typically involves the mapping of oral language onto visual symbols. Because some visual processing is usually required for reading, it is perhaps natural to wonder about the extent to which, and in what ways, visual skills interact with early reading acquisition. The importance of visual skills for reading was discussed in early research and has been explored in subsequent studies (see Willows, Kruk, & Corcos, 1993, for a review). The majority of this research has focused on the process of learning to read English. Relatively few studies have explored the importance of visual skills for learning to read Chinese, despite a long-standing assumption that visual skills are critical for Chinese character acquisition (Tzeng & Wang, 1983). Across orthographies, the developmental impact of individual differences in visual skills relative to reading abilities has been considered only rarely, and understanding of how visual skills might affect reading is limited. The present study on children’s acquisition of visual skills in relation to beginning reading is intended to clarify the nature of this association in Chinese.
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controlling for other skills, at Time 1 among Hong Kong children and at Time 2 in Xiangtan children. The three visual skills were inconsistently affected by age and reading skill. Across testing times, visual skills of the Xiangtan children, who learn simplified script, were significan...
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