一天夜里,已经很晚了,一对年老的夫妻走进一家旅馆,他们想要一个房间。前台侍者回答说:“对不起,我们旅馆已经客满了,一间空房也没有剩下。”看着这对老人疲惫的神情,侍者又说:“但是,让我来想想办法……”
叙述到这里,你希望下面有一个数学的继续,还是愿意得到一个文学的结局?但不管怎样,数学和文学都将在这里分手了。
数学的故事是这样发展的:这个好心的侍者开始动手为这对老人解决房间问题:他叫醒旅馆里已经睡下的房客,请他们换一换地方:1号房的客人换到2号房间,2号房的客人换到3号房间……以此类推,直至每一位房客都从自己的房间搬到下一个房间。这时奇迹出现了:1号房间竟然空了出来。侍者高兴地将这对老年夫妇安排了进去。没有增加房间,没有减少客人,两位老人来到时所有的房间都住满了客人——但是仅仅通过让每一位客人挪到下一个房间,结果第一个房间就空了出来,这是为什么呢?/原来,两位老人进的是数学上著名的希尔伯特旅馆——它被认为是一个有着无数房间的旅馆。这个故事是伟大的数学家大卫·希尔伯特所讲述,他借此引出了数学上的“无穷大”的概念。这一概念对于这门学科来说之重要,可以说如果没有它我们就很难想像数学将如何存在。只要会数数的人都知道,每一整数都有一个后继者直至无穷(所以在希尔伯特旅馆里,每间房子后面都会有一间直至无穷)……数学就是一门关于无穷大的科学。
好了,我们回到侍者说“让我来想想办法”的地方。 文学的故事是这样继续的。这个文学的侍者理应更富人性和爱心,他当然不忍心深夜让这对老人出门另找住宿。而且在这样一个小城,恐怕其他的旅店也早已客满打烊了,这对疲惫不堪的老人岂不会在深夜流落街头?于是好心的侍者将这对老人引领到一个房间,说:“也许它不是最好的,但现在我只能做到这样了。”老人见眼前其实是一间整洁又干净的屋子,就愉快地住了下来。
第二天,当他们来到前台结账时,侍者却对他们说:“不用了,因为我只不过是把自己的屋子借给你们住了一晚——祝你们旅途愉快!”原来如此。侍者自己一晚没睡,他就在前台值了一个通宵的夜班。两位老人十分感动。老头儿说:“孩子,你是我见到过的最好的旅店经营人。你会得到报答的。”侍者笑了笑,说这算不了什么。他送老人出了门,转身接着忙自己的事,把这件事情忘了个一干二净。没想到有一天,侍者接到了一封信函,打开看,里面有一张去纽约的单程机票并有简短附言,聘请他去做另一份工作。他乘飞机来到纽约,按信中所标明的路线来到一个地方,抬眼一看,一座金碧辉煌的大酒店耸立在他的眼前。原来,几个月前的那个深夜,他接待的是一个有着亿万资产的富翁和他的妻子。富翁为这个侍者买下了一座大酒店,深信他会经营管理好这个大酒店。这就是全球赫赫有名的希尔顿饭店首任经理的传奇故事。
事情都是从一个富有同情心、满怀仁爱的侍者的智慧头脑开始:“让我来想想办法……”进入数学的领域,需要的一定是严密的逻辑,合理的推论及精确的求证;来到文学的天地,凭借的却是美好的人性,动人的情节和意外而圆满的结局。但你发现没有:不管是文学还是数学,结局都很神奇——爱加上智慧原来是能够产生奇迹的。
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